Some apolitical ramblings and quick updates

El Salvador is in the thick of a political campaign, and I’m going to comment on it, albeit with a caveat. Peace Corps is an apolitical organization, and as such PCVs are prohibited from engaging in political activities or publicizing their preferences with respect to host-country politics. I wholeheartedly agree with this rule. If Peace Corps staff or volunteers were found (or even perceived) to be meddling in local political campaigns, the challenge of establishing trust in the communities where we operate would be all the more difficult. Maintaining trust with the national governments of host countries is also essential, as Peace Corps serves at their invitations and political activity on the part of Peace Corps could result in a withdrawal of host country government support for Peace Corps. In the spirit of this apolitical obligation, I’m not going to betray my leanings on matters related to these upcoming elections, nor levy the criticisms of local politicians that I keep tightly bottled up inside.

Campaigning is currently underway for El Salvador's 84-seat Legislative Assembly and the mayors of the each of the country’s 262 municipalities. Delegates to the Central American Parliament (Parlacen) will also be chosen, though the Parlacen is not a widely understood or influential institution. Voting will be held on March 1.

Perhaps the defining quality of a Salvadoran political campaign (at least in provincial El Salvador, which leads me to a second caveat: my analysis is limited to how things are outside the capital region, which hosts over 30% of El Salvador’s population and boasts higher education and income levels than the rest of the country) is the noise, as my fellow PCV Daniel discusses in his blog. Ageing pickups with massive concert speakers strapped to their beds and adorned with party flags do laps around town blasting political anthems with little regard for anyone’s post-lunch siesta. Campaigns also commonly host dances, a tactic that consists of transforming a block of road in the middle of town into a temporary nightclub that winds down only around two or three in the morning. Between each bass-heavy Swedish house music track, the DJ puts in a plug for the sponsoring candidate. Inevitably, most residents within a five block radius hear this DJ’s appeal, as few possess the wherewithal to sleep during what is essentially a night-long, highly-localized earthquake.

To be fair, there is a reasonable amount of good old-fashioned knocking on doors, as well.

In campaigns here, ideas are discussed only sometimes. Mayoral candidate debates don’t happen outside El Salvador’s few sizable cities, and some candidates opt not to release a platform or even announce so much as a handful of policy proposals. I attribute the non-programmatic nature of these municipal elections in part to the rigidity of party allegiances here. People old enough to have lived through the traumatizing civil war of the 1980s tend to vote for the party that corresponds to the belligerents they supported in the war. Those who supported the military vote for the right-wing ARENA party, and those who supported the guerrillas support the leftist FMLN party. Parents and grandparents tend impress their political affiliations upon their younger family members, so the trend won’t necessarily disappear as today’s adults are replaced by tomorrow’s.

Often one’s leanings were defined by a highly personal and traumatic event. An example would be that the guerrillas killed Pedro’s brother, so Pedro resents the FMLN and will only vote for ARENA (or one of the smaller right-wing parties that have splintered from ARENA in recent years). Pedro’s story and ones like it are all too common; over 70,000 people were killed in the war.

Another event that can solidify one’s political leanings here is bestowal of goods. Seeking re-election votes in a particular cantón (a village forming a small part of a larger municipality), the mayor may print his name on 500 water jugs and distribute them to residents, or hand out toys to the village’s children. An infrastructure project (usually road repair or running water), even if poorly executed, can serve a similar purpose.

In short, local campaigns here are often not issue-based because voters don’t demand that candidates tell them where they stand on the issues.

What’s more, there are virtually no local news outlets in El Salvador, so provincial political campaigns and their protagonists receive practically no scrutiny from anyone trained to analyze them in an objective and disinterested manner. I believe very strongly that if El Salvador is to continue its trajectory toward democratic maturation, the development of a local press (and a corresponding reading culture) is essential. Small-town mayors in rural El Salvador are allowed to go about their work in a manner that is essentially unchecked by the media and civil society, and while the extent of the resulting misuse of resources is unknown, it is certainly substantial.

I have been awfully negative up to this point, and it wouldn’t be fair if I didn’t give credit where credit is due. Since the conclusion of the civil war in the early 1990s, El Salvador has administered mostly free and fair elections, which is an accomplishment to be applauded. The nonpartisan governmental body charged with planning and running elections has a comprehensive communication strategy whereby it explains how, when and where to vote. It seems to reach even the most isolated households. Furthermore, many young people participate in campaign activities, which is heartening to see. There is a serious dearth of extra-curricular activities for youth in provincial El Salvador (a problem compounded by a brief 4.5 hour school day), and participation in campaigns provides opportunities for teenagers to develop skills and self-confidence.

I could carry on about Salvadoran politics, but instead I’ll conclude with one interesting observation. In the United States, we’re used to a reasonably pronounced urban-rural split when it comes to voting patterns. Urban dwellers are more liberal and trend Democratic, while rural dwellers are usually more conservative and tend to favor Republicans. Suburbs, meanwhile, run the gamut from very liberal to very conservative, depending largely on the region of the country in which they’re located. Here, because voting is in large part non-ideological and often based on personal experiences, political divisions do not occur specifically along urban-rural lines.

The quick updates I’ve promised:

• Tourism: I’ve recently started participating in a regional tourism coordinating body that convenes hotel and restaurant owners. The organization is engaged in developing and implementing a regional tourism strategy. It has been very interesting so far, and I love being surrounded by aspirational and ambitious professionals who are committed to improving their lot.
• Entrepreneurship: As soon as the campaign is over (which is very soon; voting is on March 1), hopefully my counterpart who is planning to open a gourmet café in town will put the pedal to the metal on that project. I have secured a $500 grant for her to acquire startup equipment and she has managed to pull in some consulting resources from an NGO. I’m excited about it and my expectations are high, which is never good in Peace Corps.

Three highlights in three weeks

The past three weeks have each featured a distinct highlight of my Peace Corps service. 

America

The first was my trip home to the United States, where I spent December 22-30 in my hometown of Mill Valley, California, and December 31-January 5 in Jackson Heights, New York, where my grandparents reside. Being back in my country and seeing family and friends was enjoyable in and of itself, and amplified by the fact that I've lived without those things for so long. As if I wasn't sufficiently aware of this fact prior to my vacation, my trip home reminded me how lucky I am to have been born an American and to have had the opportunities and resources available to me about which residents of most countries can only fantasize. One's circumstances and place of birth are totally arbitrary and accidental, and people like me who hit the proverbial uterus jackpot (well, there probably isn't actually a proverb about a uterus jackpot, but you understand more or less what I mean) need to be aware of and humble about our fortune. After two years in the Peace Corps, I'll be at no risk of losing sight of how lucky I am to have happened upon such favorable circumstances.

While back in the U.S., I didn't experience the "reverse culture shock" of which PCVs are warned; I'm not far enough away–physically or psychologically–from the United States to be especially susceptible to that. I did, however, renew my appreciation for 1) being within my own culture and 2) anonymity. When one is within their own culture, he or she can speak, be understood, and understand others in their own language, both literally and, more importantly, figuratively. The figurative component involves the fluidity of communication between people with shared or at least similar values, identities, daily rituals, personal experiences, and education levels. As valuable as it is to interact with people from walks of life foreign to your own, there is comfort and ease in enjoying the company of those to whom you are similar. Regarding anonymity, the freedom to conduct your life without inspiring curiosity and receiving scrutiny from strangers is a blessing. In the U.S., my presence in public turns no heads and elicits no gawking or shouts of "Gringo!" or any other utterance that makes me feel exposed or unwelcome. I am just another person blending in. Living in El Salvador has given me great sympathy for anyone who has to deal with unwanted attention on a consistent basis. I've learned to live with it, but I'd be lying if I told you I wasn't looking forward to one day blending in once again.

Camp GLOW

An activity from Camp GLOW

Shortly upon returning to El Salvador after my visit to the U.S., I helped execute a camp for young women in collaboration with eight other PCVs from my cohort. It was a GLOW, or Girls Leading Our World, Camp, an activity that PCVs in many countries organize to teach girls about gender equality and leadership. Each participating volunteer could bring two teenaged girls from their communities to the camp, which we held at an ecological park in a charming mountain town called Alegría, which means 'happiness' in Spanish. The camp involved leading the girls in interactive games and activities to facilitate analysis of gender issues in their lives, teach them about different types of leadership and leadership skills, and propose solutions to problems such as the prevailing "machista" culture in El Salvador. We also did activities that were purely for fun and group bonding, like a hike to a nearby volcanic lake. 

Overall, the experience was heartening, as promoting gender equality among young women tends to be in this country. Girls get it. They know that machismo is a repressive force that holds back their country's economic potential, leads to problems like domestic and gender-based violence and teenaged pregnancy, and is a basic affront to human dignity and freedom. Getting men and boys to understand this is a greater challenge.

Dental Campaign in Citalá

Independently of any effort of mine, a group of Americans came to my site last week to carry out a dental campaign as part of a small nonprofit organization called Volunteers in Dental Service. They were twenty-two people in total, a mixture of dentists, dental hygienists, nurses and other people who performed various logistical and administrative tasks. On the first of their five days of offering free dental care to local people, I introduced myself to Karen, the bilingual American who appeared to be running the show, and, in need of an additional translator, she invited me to interpret for them for their remaining four days of work. I jumped at the opportunity, excited to have a chance to spend time with a group of friendly and humanitarian-minded Americans and help them perform valuable work that would improve the quality of many people's lives. 

Stuart and Adam at work on a patient

The experience was absolutely wonderful. The group of people, mostly from Maryland and the Atlanta area, was kind, fun and eclectic. They accepted me without hesitation and made sure I felt included (a huge thank you to Adam on that front!), and that I never paid for a meal (or a beer during our after-work revelry at their hotel, for which I specifically have Dave to thank). I also learned more about dentistry than I had ever thought I would. When I wasn't needed to translate, I often sat by the chair manned by Stuart, a brilliant orthodontist residing outside Atlanta and originally from Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). He made a point to make the experience educational for me and Adam, who is a nurse and was assisting him, explaining in detail the dental issues we were encountering. 

Those issues were many. A high-sugar diet paired with poor brushing and flossing habits and a un-fluorinated water supply leads to cavities and other oral health issues. The team pulled many adult teeth that were beyond repair, from people as young as eleven. It was difficult to watch teens and pre-teens losing teeth that are supposed to serve them throughout their adult lives, but the extractions were necessary and will protect those young people from discomfort and more serious issues in the future. Previous to this campaign, I had been ignorant of the deficit of dental health in rural El Salvador. The public health clinic in my site has a full-time dentist on staff, so I assumed the situation wasn't dire. Unfortunately, it is. In light of this, the same group of volunteers will be coming back to Citalá next year to offer more care. There was some talk toward the end of the campaign of incorporating a formal educational component to next year's campaign to try to improve people's oral hygiene habits, as the people of Volunteers in Dental Service understand that sustainability depends on people adopting healthy brushing and flossing habits. Behavior change is hard, but potentially with the proper programming mix, people can be influenced to make lifestyle changes that favor their dental health.

Overall, I'm very proud to have been a small part of an undertaking that will have an immediate impact on people's wellbeing. In total, 335 local people received dental care, mainly fillings, extractions and root canals.

That's all for now. Feel free to contact me with questions and don't forget to floss!

Working, learning, running

Hi everyone, and happy Sunday.

Between my last post and today I've been embarking on some projects in my still-new community (I now have four months in Citalá), and trying to utilize my free time in the most edifying ways I can.

Attending a graduation with some other PCVs

With respect to work activities, I have been teaching business management and entrepreneurship principles to high schoolers, reinforcing English learning with teachers who want to improve their English skills, and continuing with a drama class I started almost as soon as I arrived here. Most recently, I have begun supporting a fledgling tourism promotion organization in my community, which I am excited about, as Citalá has modest tourism potential that it is currently leaving unexploited. Specifically, I am working with the group on a security assessment of the municipality. The context here is that while the main target segment for tourism in Citalá will be middle-class professionals based in the capital (two hours away), due to the security situation in the country, many people with disposable income are hesitant to explore unfamiliar areas despite commanding the financial resources to do so. As the security situation in Citalá is among the most favorable in the country, the logic behind publishing a transparent and honest security assessment is that it will assist in allaying the safety concerns that middle-class people have to visit Citalá while highlighting a competitive advantage Citalá enjoys over similar destinations.

I hope and expect that more opportunities will arise through my collaboration with the tourism organization. This will of course depend on whether the individuals involved will be able to stay committed to the organization and maintain a high level of motivation. Most Peace Corps Volunteers will agree with me when I say that the most important resource when working in community economic development—of much greater consequence than money or even time—is motivation.

In addition to the projects I have mentioned, another part of my work is community integration. I know that sounds jargon-y, but an important tenet of Peace Corps is intercultural exchange and the projection of a positive image of America. In keeping with this responsibility as a PCV, I regularly attend cultural events and socialize with locals. For example, as El Salvador maintains a January-to-November academic year, I've recently been attending graduations in my community. Locals generally seem appreciative of volunteers when we take an interest in their rituals and culture, and as such these gestures promote positive ties between Americans and host country nationals.

Outside of work, in the last few months I have taken up MOOCs in a significant fashion. For those of you unfamiliar with the term, a MOOC is a massive open online course, accessed through providers such as Coursera (which I use) and EdX. The foundation of any MOOC is video lectures and periodic assessments (usually multiple-choice or short-answer question exams), and some also feature readings, written assignments, peer assessments, and interactive virtual office-hour sessions with professors. Courses are developed through collaborations between the MOOC providers and universities (and occasionally non-university institutions with expertise in a particular subject). As such, they provide a platform from which universities can promote their brands, while allowing people to access quality education online, free of charge. At this point, Coursera (which is for-profit) and EdX (a nonprofit supported by MIT and Harvard) are ad-free and generate revenue by charging students for verified certificates of course completion. I am interested to see where the MOOC industry heads in terms of its financial sustainability.

The reason I have embarked upon a regiment of MOOCs (aside from a general love of learning and a outsize amount of free time for a person my age--such is the Peace Corps lifestyle) is that I have recently developed a much greater interest in business, and have decided to pursue private-sector employment after Peace Corps. The classes I'm taking on Coursera, thus, are business-related, such as Introduction to Finance (UMichigan) and Introduction to Marketing (UPenn).

Also with the motive of developing my knowledge of business and different industries of interest, I have recently begun using Twitter again (you may have noticed the new sidebar on my blog). Feel free to follow me @frankjalarcon.

Lastly, on the topic of lifestyle, in the last few months I have for the first time in my life fully embraced running. I have been running on-and-off for years, usually reluctantly, like when I studied abroad and didn't have access to a gym. It has been something I have done as a last-resort form of exercise, not a beloved pastime. Most recently, I decided to change that. I simply decided that instead of just tolerating running as a default of exercise, I would like it. And it worked! I've been running around 15 or 20 miles a week (I know this because I track my runs with a neat app called RunKeeper) for the past few months, and it's an activity I look forward to and relish. It's somewhat astounding how a deliberate mindset shift can completely overhaul one's attitude toward something.

That's all for now. Feel free to contact me directly with any questions.

Work updates mostly

Saludos --

I'm now a month-and-a-half into my assignment in Citalá, and exactly halfway through my 27-month service in El Salvador. Citalá so far is meeting my expectations. People here are proving to offer the support necessary to make productive use of me, which in my view is the most important determinant of volunteer success and contentment. This is not to say there are so many people here eager to undertake projects that I'm booked every day from eight to five. Unfortunately, such a situation is virtually unheard of in Peace Corps El Salvador. But it is to say that there is enough going on here to keep me feeling optimistic and engaged.

Work-wise, so far I have begun teaching a weekly drama class with 7th-9th graders at the primary school, which is good fun. Who knew that what I learned during my four years in CTE at Tam High would come in handy five years later in El Salvador? Additionally, soon I'll be starting an entrepreneurship class at the high school and an English conversation section with high schoolers attending the private Adventist school in town. The management of all three educational institutions has been very welcoming and willing to collaborate, an openness that PCVs in this country cannot always count on.

Apart from my work in the schools, I am hoping to engage with a committee that the alcaldía just formed to promote tourism in the municipality. I see modest potential for Citalá with respect to tourism development--owing to its proximity to existing touristic amenities, charming ambiance, and pleasant climate--and am interested to ascertain the vision of the committee when I attend one of its meetings for the first time tomorrow. Ideally I would like to find a way for the touristic ambitions of the alcaldía and the entrepreneurial ambitions of the high schoolers to complement one another, but it is yet too early to tell if such a collaboration is within the realm of feasibility.

Another development I am looking forward to with restrained optimism is the renewal of the ADESCO (Asociación de Desarrollo Comunitario) that represents the downtown neighborhood of Citalá and has been mostly dormant of late. The alcaldía is coordinating the effort to elect a new ADESCO board of directors, and though there are all kinds of partisan tensions simmering beneath the surface (I shouldn't and won't go into details), my hope is that the ADESCO leadership that emerges is a motivated group of individuals willing to work for the common good in spite of political differences. We shall see.

Lastly, I expect to co-lead some HIV prevention workshops for youth over the next few months. Last week using PEPFAR funds Peace Corps hosted a training-of-trainers event on HIV prevention to which each volunteer was able to bring two counterparts. I invited one of the health promoters at the medical clinic in Citalá, as well as a person who coordinates a youth group in town. They enjoyed the training and are very motivated to co-lead trainings with me in Citalá using the techniques they learned.

The novelty of working in a community with motivated individuals is not wearing off one bit.

Until next time,
Frank

Above: Some festivities celebrating Central American Independence
Below: Volunteers and counterparts at the HIV prevention training